New Delhi | June 2025 — India has expanded its nuclear warhead stockpile from 172 to 180, according to the newly released SIPRI Yearbook 2025 by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. The update reflects India’s measured approach to modernizing its nuclear capabilities amid shifting regional and global dynamics.
Strategic Adjustment, Not Aggression
The eight-warhead increase, though modest, is significant in the context of India’s strategic environment. With nuclear-armed neighbors like China (estimated 500+ warheads) and Pakistan (around 170), India continues to reinforce its doctrine of credible minimum deterrence.
“This isn’t about arms racing — it’s about maintaining strategic balance in a volatile region,” said Dr. Anuradha Rao, defence analyst at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA).
India’s nuclear triad — comprising land-based Agni missiles, nuclear-powered submarines like the INS Arihant, and air-based delivery systems — has been gradually developed to ensure survivability and second-strike capability.
No First Use Policy Stands
India officially maintains a No First Use (NFU) nuclear policy, committing not to initiate a nuclear attack. However, evolving threats have led to subtle shifts in public discourse, with some policymakers suggesting future flexibility.
Despite the increase in warheads, there’s no indication of a shift from India’s restrained posture. Experts say the buildup is part of routine modernization rather than a move toward offensive expansion.
Conclusion
India’s increase from 172 to 180 nuclear warheads is a strategic adjustment aimed at maintaining national security amid regional uncertainties. While the global nuclear environment grows more complex, India continues to walk a line between modernization and restraint.